Investment opportunities – infrastructure

"Soft infrastructure": low-altitude route design and low-altitude air traffic control system need to be transformed

The low-altitude air traffic control will show the development rhythm of "construction, exploration, and improvement" as a whole, and there are opportunities for various technologies at present.

Due to the short time for the opening of low-altitude airspace, a mature low-altitude/UAV air traffic control system has not yet been formed in China. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System Airspace Management Technology" proposes a low-altitude air traffic control system architecture, including communication/navigation/surveillance/countermeasure facilities and equipment, meteorological intelligence/aeronautical intelligence/air traffic control monitoring and other information support, Internet + mobile communication network + private network combination network, and airspace planning/management/evaluation.

"Soft infrastructure": low-altitude route design and low-altitude air traffic control system need to be transformed

The road traffic system, which is analogous to ground transportation, may be a digital "skyway project", which has become the first step in the new infrastructure. The digital airspace provides the possibility of high-density cooperative control of low-altitude economy.

Air traffic is developing from low density to high density, and the uneven distribution of time and space is becoming more and more obvious. There is an urgent need to build a more refined adaptive airspace system, adopt a collaborative control method, and integrate the operation of aviation participants. More advanced model algorithms are established and used for decision-making analysis to improve the robustness and dynamic characteristics of air traffic management.

The digital grid airspace transforms the airspace conflict control from the problem of solving the continuous track equation system to the probabilistic predictive control calculation problem of discrete digital grid space, which provides the possibility of cooperative control of large-scale objects.

"Hard infrastructure": "communication, guidance, monitoring, and meteorology" equipment needs to be upgraded and iterated

The sequential development and complementarity of multiple technologies may be at the core of the development of low-altitude surveillance networks. Radar is the core equipment of traditional surveillance, but based on the principle of radar electromagnetic wave reflection, there are certain limitations on the dense obstacles (buildings, trees, etc.) in the city or its technical application.

ADS technology is a broadcast surveillance technology that may supplement the surveillance capabilities of some areas that cannot be reached by radars. UAV ADS technology has been applied, but this technology may be more suitable for active and orderly low-altitude flight activities, and there are also problems with interference with some signals.

Low-altitude navigation may require high-precision Beidou navigation as standard. Different from the higher horizontal accuracy requirements of vehicle navigation, the vertical accuracy requirements of low-altitude economy may be higher, but the vertical accuracy error of satellite navigation is significantly greater than that of horizontal error.

Based on the specific low-altitude and high-density flight environment of UAVs, the current policy objectives require the location service to achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy, and the implementation and construction of related navigation augmentation systems can provide a foundation for low-altitude and high-precision Beidou navigation.

"Hard infrastructure": "communication, guidance, monitoring, and meteorology" equipment needs to be upgraded and iterated

5G-A（5G Advanced) may be an economical solution for ultra-low-altitude synaesthesia 。 The coverage radius of 5G base stations is relatively broad, which may provide better communication support capabilities for low-altitude areas below 300m, and realize continuous perception of UAV position and speed information. This requires the improvement of 5G base stations, the addition of sensing modules and processing units, and the improvement of synaesthesia integration capabilities.

As one of the key technologies of 5G-A, synaesthesia technology integrates communication and sensing functions, requiring base stations to not only have traditional data transmission capabilities, but also be able to process sensing information.

The low-altitude meteorological elements are more complex and affect the safety and orderliness of flight activities, but the existing low-altitude meteorological countermeasures in China are still relatively rough, and there is no complete low-altitude flight safety guarantee system, and low-altitude flight operations mainly rely on the meteorological activities carried out by the civil aviation department, the military aviation department and the users themselves.

It is pointed out in the "General Airport Construction Specification" that the first and second class of general aviation airports need to be equipped with aviation meteorological information terminals, aviation information terminals or have the ability to obtain aviation meteorological information and aviation information, and meteorological radars and UAVs may have room to play in this field.